THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A THREE PHASE AUTOMATIC PHASE SELECTOR
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The basic aim of the design and construction of this three phase automatic phase selector is to demonstrate how contactors can be used to switch in between three lines or phases e.g “RED, YELLOW AND THE BLUE PHASE” without interfering with the contacts.This type of phase selector is able to switch between phases with the aid of inter-locking one phase to the other either one phase circuit is dependant on the other phase circuit which means that two phase circuit which that two phases cannot come on at the same time.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
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- Introduction
- Background of the project
- objective of the project
- significance of the project
- scope of the project
- Application of the project
- limitation of the project
- purpose of the project
- project organisation
CHAPTER TWO
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- Review of Related Literatures
- Contactors
- Auxiliary Timer
- Circuit Breaker
- Indicator Lights
CHAPTER THREE
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- Outline of Basic Principles
- Principles of Operation
- Circuit diagram
CHAPTER FOUR
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- Research Design and Construction
- Project Construction
- Mounting of Components
- Packaging
- Precaution
CHAPTER FIVE
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- Associated Fault and Remedies
- Conclusion
- Reference
CHAPTER ONE
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- 1 INTRODUCTION
In Nigeria today the problems of power outage across phases is so rampant thus leading to some sensitive equipment and appliances being redundant, this could sometimes be the cause of one phase going out with respect to the other.
It may surprise one to note that in an attempt to solve this problems, so many unskilled electricity consumers has in recent past resorted to some crude means of swapping between phases to obtain power. So many souls have been lost in this act. This is an undesirable condition to consumers and the need now arises to design a device that can automatically select among the phases and make power supply available at the consumers’ terminal.
However, this can only be possible if one have a three phase met or and there is supply from any of the service line or the entire line, this project known as a three phase automatic phase selector has been constructed with a view of solving the problems stated above. The design and construction was based on the principle of Electromagneto-Dynamism and alignment as demonstrated in the contactor arrangement.
Among other components are the timers miniature-circuit breakers the contactors and indicator bulbs, the ease with which the device is operated is well elaborated to ensure simplicity effort were made to present a stop by step operation of the project. As much as there is no project without limitation and applications, we have as well dedicated a section of this paper to look into it.
In order to ease the effort of technicians in restoring the devices should there be any malfunction associated.
Faults and how they are cleared is presented, however, there are no user serviceable parts in the device therefore all maintenance should be referred to a qualified electrical personnel.
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- 2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The intelligent phase selector is a system that is capable of comparing three phases and switching automatically to any of the three phases. The system consists of three main parts namely; the transformer, comparators (which is the brain of the system) and electrical switching device (relay).
The transformer used here is the step down type of transformer (it step down 240v to 12v) and these transformer is feed in with different phase voltage, rectified and smooth. Then fed in to a voltage regulator that has positive output. The regulator outputs were connected to comparators. Here the comparators are three in number. We call the comparators the brain of the system because these comparators are connected in a way that each of them will give out an output.
The relay in the system is where the output voltage is connected. In this project we even went as far as using pictures for illustration of some components.
1.3 AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The analysis of this project cannot go without enumerating the goals meant to be achieved in the pursuit of the work. These objectives include:-
- To develop a simple low cost device aimed at easing the prevalent burden faced by delicate offices, parastatals and institutions who need very low but constant power supply. Since supply is always on along the distribution lines that supply such sites, what pesters on the progress of work thereof is always the unwarranted trip of phases due to power usage from neighboring consumers. The automatic phase selector therefore, erases this setback form the face of progress of work in such offices.
ii. To stimulate the interest of upcoming students to take up research not only in their field of study “Electrical/Electronic Engineering” but also to extend their arms to other disciplines, thus enhancing the versatility of Electrical/Electronic Engineering.
iii. To create awareness that will stimulate the interest of fellow students who intend to take up research topic on automatic switch of any type.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The issue of selecting or switching over manually is now a thing of the past. Nowadays we know that homes and offices enjoy steady power supply once the three phases are available (i.e. red yellow and blue phases). Is just a question of making a quick and automatic three phase selector?
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Owning to the nature of this project, the research centers and the resources were not easy to come by within the immediate environment. Some of the limitation encountered on the course of this project include financial and time constrains which did not really take much room for additional capacity beyond what is at hand.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This project will provide lasting solutions to the heavy losses incurred by commercial institution, industries, hospitals, airport etc caused by poor manual selector means and efficient switching facilities. It will also be of use in our household because poor selector of phase manually causes damage to our household equipment example electronics like television, radio, video player etc and electrical appliances like refrigerator, air condition, fans just to mention but a few. Finally another target is to eliminate the loss of human life due to manual selection of the three phases.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The significance of this project work cannot be overemphasized. This is because the number of lives that has being lost to the hand of interruption of power in health institutions and the like is not negligible. Delicate appliances have become the main victim of this artificial circumstance. The applicability of the outcome of this research work in several facets of human endeavor makes this work of real importance to humanity.
The use of the device produced from this research work would help to reduce human labor and hazard, going by the fact that many have been handicapped by electric shock because of the attempt they made to select another phase, and that the handicapped are helpless and cannot change phase.
1.8 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of the project is to provide the supply for the single phase load from the one of the active phase of the 3-phase supply.
1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
