DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR WATER HEATER
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Solar heating refers to the renewable energy system that collects energy from the sun in the form of heat rather than using the sun’s energy to produce electricity, as is the case with solar photovoltaics. Solar heating systems can be used to provide space heating and water heating to be used in residential, commercial, or industrial facilities.
In the case of solar water heating (SWH) systems, heated water is used in showers, kitchen and bathroom faucets, swimming pools, washing machines, Jacuzzis, and other appliances that require warm water. Solar space heating techniques circulate the heated liquid in a radiant heat system through piping in the walls or floors to allow the heat to naturally warm indoor spaces.
The basic components in home solar heating systems include: Collectors to take the heat from the sun and pass it to a fluid. The heat transfer fluid which takes the heat from the collector for use or storage. Heat exchangers to transfer the heat from the fluid to a home’s domestic water.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of study
1.2 Aims and objectives
1.3 Significance of the project
1.4 application of the project
1.5 purpose of the project
1.6 problem of the project
1.7 project organisation
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Review of solar water heating
2.2 Historical background of solar water heater
2.3 Historical background of photovotaic cell
2.4 Theoretical review of solar cell
2.5 Review of solar cell efficiency
2.6 review of solar cell materials
CHAPTER THREE
CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 working principle of water heater
3.2 Block diagram of the system
3.3 Components of a typical system
3.4 Circuit diagram
3.5 Circuit description
3.6 Circuit operation
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 construction procedure and testing analysis
4.2 system specification and installation
4.3 selecting a solar water heater
4.4 installing and maintaining the system
4.5 improving energy efficiency
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Solar heating refers to the renewable energy system that collects energy from the sun in the form of heat rather than using the sun’s energy to produce electricity, as is the case with solar photovoltaics. Solar heating systems can be used to provide space heating and water heating to be used in residential, commercial, or industrial facilities.
SWH systems are designed to deliver hot water for most of the year. However, in winter there sometimes may not be sufficient solar heat gain to deliver sufficient hot water. In this case a gas or electric booster is used to heat the water.
In the case of solar water heating (SWH) systems, heated water is used in showers, kitchen and bathroom faucets, swimming pools, washing machines, Jacuzzis, and other appliances that require warm water. Solar space heating techniques circulate the heated liquid in a radiant heat system through piping in the walls or floors to allow the heat to naturally warm indoor spaces.
Today, there are also solar heaters that passively warm air instead of a liquid, which are commonly used in the UK and other European countries. By warming external air and then circulating it indoors, these systems provide a unique method of space heating using renewable energy.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to design a device that can be used to heat water. The water heating can be used in residential, commercial, or industrial facilities.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
In Solar water heating (SWH) systems, heated water is used in showers, kitchen and bathroom faucets, swimming pools, washing machines, Jacuzzis, and other appliances that require warm water.
- Free hot water – an average sunny day in Nigeria generate sufficient solar energy to provide all your hot water without using electricity.
- Save Money – approximately 50% of your electricity bill could be saved. Using solar water heater systems could drastically reduce the size of installed generator sets.
- An investment – solar water hearing system will add value to your property.
- Environmental Friendly – solar energy is clean energy. No pollution.
- Self-sufficiency – with a solar water heating system you are protected from the ever-increasing cost and erratic.
- This system is easy to install and require very little maintenance.
- This systems have long life hence gives value for your investment. A solar water heater can wok trouble free for up-to 20 years.
1.4 TYPES OF SOLAR HEATER
These are two solar thermal techniques that are commonly used:
- Passive solar heating:This technique relies on the natural tendency for water to circulate freely as some of it warms (in the sun) while some cools. There are no mechanical parts used in passive solar heating systems.
- Active solar heating: In these systems, pumps and other mechanical components use electricity to circulate water or a heat medium through the system.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
Solar water heating systems include storage tanks and solar collectors. Solar water heaters use the sun to heat either water or a heat-transfer fluid in the collector. However, the main purpose of this device is to design a device provides a reliable source of hot water
1.6 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- Additional roof top space is required to install the solar heater.
- Working of solar heaters depends up on abundance and availability of direct sun light.
- It heats only in day time, however if the storage tank is well insulated, heated water can be stored and used even at night.
- It will not be very helpful in rainy season or foggy days.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this work. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this work. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
