PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Academic achievement is the level of performance in school subjects as exhibited by an individual. It is the outcome of education to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2011). It is generally regard as the display of knowledge attained or skills developed in the school subjects. Academic achievement is commonly measured by examination scores or continuous assessment scores, but there is no general agreement on how it is measured or best tested.
The achievement of students has been a source of great concern for educators, parents, guardians, curriculum planners, and researchers. This general concern stems from prevailing poor achievement recorded by students almost each succeeding year at the end of their secondary school course (Ezeazor, 2003).
The overall importance of science and technology cannot be over emphasized. This is because the success of any nation is measured on the amount of scientific knowledge possessed by its people. According to Abdullah (1980), science is the foundation upon the bulk of the present technology breakthrough is built.
Developing nation like Nigeria needs rapid development and this can only be achieved through science and technology.
Science education is imperative for useful living in any society. It is the centre for producing resources necessary for socioeconomic, scientific and technological development need for advancement of any nation.
The above notwithstanding, much has been said about secondary school students poor performance in science generally and biology in particular
Biology is described as a science of life and plays a vital role in the life of every human being. It is very vast with many divisions including zoology, botany, ecology, genetics, morphology, anatomy, physiology, histology, microbiology, bio-chemistry, evolution and the more advanced cell biology, molecular biology among others. Biology finds application in many specialized areas like medicine pharmacy, food production agriculture etc. (Osuafor and Okonkwo, 2013).
