PROJECT ON ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF MUSHROOM NEW ORIGINAL
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
A mushroom (or toadstool) is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.The standard for the name “mushroom” is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word “mushroom” is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap(Smith et al., 2015). “Mushroom” also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. These gills produce microscopic spores that help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface.
Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as “bolete”, “puffball”, “stinkhorn”, and “morel”, and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called “agarics” in reference to their similarity to Agaricus or their order Agaricales. By extension, the term “mushroom” can also designate the entire fungus when in culture; the thallus (called a mycelium) of species forming the fruiting bodies called mushrooms; or the species itself(Smith et al., 2015).
Mushrooms are well known all over the world and the edible ones have been considered as functional foods. They serve to enrich food as supplements and they provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients they contain (Smith et al., 2015).
