BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE ON TRACE METALS, RENAL AND LIVER FUNCTION PARAMETERS OF KWASU FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES USING COSMETICS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Cosmetology which include nail and hair care has become a lucrative profession. (Halliday-Bell et al.,2009).The use and application of cosmetics have been shown to have some effects on the human system. There are about 9000 chemicals ingredients found in cosmetic products (Kersemaekers and Roelveld, 1995).Nail and hair care users have daily contact with cosmetic products and are therefore routinely exposed to a wide range of chemicals by inhalation, skin contact and diffusion of fumes through the pores of the eyes (Halliday-Bell et al., 2009). Hairdressers use a wide range of products,including shampoos, hair dyes, hair sprays,straighteners, and bleaches. Hair dyes representthe largest segment of chemical products in thehair market today. As such, they are the mainsource of chemical exposure among hairdressers and heavy cosmetic users(Ronda et al., 2009).
Theseproducts may play a positive role in improvingquality of life, due to the human desire to improveappearance, however, individual’s frequent contact withthese products requires the ingredients be safe(Nohyneket al., 2004).
Nail polish is one of the productsmost often used by cosmetologist and the main potential source ofchemical exposure for heavy cosmetic users. Common nail polishingredients include toluene, plasticizers (dibutyl phthalate), and formaldehyde (U.S. Foodand Drug Administration, 2013). Toluene is awidely used industrial solvent. Toluene inhalationduringpregnancy has led to neonatal defects, includingintrauterine growth retardation, prematuredelivery, congenital malformations, and postnataldevelopmental retardation (Donald et al., 1991). Dibutyl phthalate, whichkeeps polish from becoming brittle and chipping,has been linked to reproductive issues in humansif the mother is exposed while pregnant and hasbeen banned for use by the European Union (Pak et al., 2011).
