HEALTH IMPLICATION AND PROBLEMS OF MALARIA AMONG ADULT 20-50 YEARS IN GWANTU COMMUNITY OF SANGA LGA KADUNA STATE health
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PROJECTPLUS RESEARCH PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS ON HEALTH IMPLICATION AND PROBLEMS OF MALARIA AMONG ADULT 20-50 YEARS IN GWANTU COMMUNITY OF SANGA LGA KADUNA STATE health
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CHAPTER I
1.1 Background health
In Gwantu Community of Sanga (GMS), Kaduna state is the highest malaria burden and 77, 842 cases and 37 malaria deaths are reported in 2015. Some 8.5 millions of people (16% of the population) are at high risk of malaria which occurs mainly in or near forests, particularly among remote populations,migrants and ethnic minorities. The border area such as Kaduna state-Northern Nigeria is also associated with the development of artemisinin resistance(WHO,2015b). As prompt and effective malaria treatment is the corner stone to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality, the National treatment policy for Kaduna state was developed in 2002 and now,2015 is last updated. The policy is based on parasite resistance data to antimalarial drugs and it was updated in line with WHO malaria treatment guidelines that place RDTs and ACTs asthemain pillars of diagnosis and treatment. Standby treatment is recommended among migrants in areas where diagnostic facilities are not available (WHO,2017c).
According to Geographical Situation, Kaduna state extents from Himalayas in the North to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea in the South and the only one route for spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria to the India from the South- East Asia Region. Resistance to Chloroquine and Pyrimethamine was due to that path in nearly half a century ago. At the Kaduna state–Northern Nigeria, Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has been present for several years. After artemisinin-based combination treatments, delayed parasite clearance has also been reported in southeastern part of the Kaduna state. In ShweKyin and Bago Regions, delayed parasite clearance (a clearance half-life >5 h) was found in approximately 15% of patients in 2011 and 2012 and mutation in the propeller region of the K13 protein was found in a quarter of patients. Although Artemisinin monotherapy use has been banned, it is still available in the drug market in Kaduna state.The availability of Artemisinin Monotherapy decreased from 67% in 2012 to 10% in 2014,but it became 27% in 2015. So,artemisinin monotherapy is still the main problem for drug resistance(WHO, 2017a, Tun et al., 2015).
1.2 Research Objectives
General Objectives
- The general objective of this study is to assess sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of malaria, behaviors related to treatment seeking and health system factors (accessibility, affordability, availability and accountability) regarding prompt and effective malaria treatment among malaria infected patients in Gwantu community, Sanga LGA,Kaduna state.
Specific Objectives
- Toassesstheassociationbetweensociodemographiccharacteristicsandgetting of prompt and effective malaria treatment among malaria infected patients in Gwantu community, Sanga LGA,Kaduna state
- To assess the association between knowledge of malaria and getting of prompt and effective malaria treatment among malaria infected patients in Gwantu community, Sanga LGA,Kaduna state
- To identify the association between behaviors related to malaria treatment and getting of prompt and effective treatment of malaria among malaria infected patients in Gwantu community, Sanga LGA,Kaduna state
- To identify the association between heath system factors (accessibility, affordability, availability and accountability) and getting of prompt and effective malaria treatment among malaria infected patients in Gwantu community, Sanga LGA,Kaduna state
1.3 ResearchHypothesis
- There is an association between sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of malaria, behaviors related to malaria treatment, health system factors (accessibility, affordability, availability and accountability) and prompt and effective malaria treatment in malaria infected patients in Gwantu community, Sanga LGA.