DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 3-WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT
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This project work is on design and construction of a 3-way traffic lighting system. A 3-way Traffic light is signaling device positioned at 3-way road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control competing flows of traffic. The road construction safety traffic light system is designed to replace a manual traffic control on a road construction sites. This device can replace one or both flaggers during the two lane closures on the event of a road construction. The road construction safety traffic light system is considered one of the best devices in work zone traffic flow control systems. The device is a portable traffic light unit which can be best utilized in controlling traffic flow in a road construction site for long term or short term lane closures and to control two-way traffic in a single lane. By implementing new technologies in automating traffic flow in road construction site could possibly eliminate the usage of a conventional flagman at all times. The road construction safety traffic light system is a practical solution to solve problems which contribute towards hazards at road construction site and to be inline with the road safety regulation which is taken into granted by the contractors. The automated portable traffic light system can reduce direct costs in man power utilization and increase safety for the road users and construction workers by eliminating the need for a human flagmen. This system is applicable for public and privately funded road construction projects that require overnight or 24-hour traffic control as well as in different weather conditions.
The purpose of this project work is to design and construction a 3-way traffic light device that can be used to control the flow of traffic at 3-way road intersection.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
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- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
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- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- REVIEW OF THREE-WAY JUNCTION
- TRAFFIC LIGHT MOUNTING
- TYPES OF TRAFFIC LIGHT
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN
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- DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCK
- SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION
- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
- DESCRIPTION OF THE OVERALL OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM
- LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A THREE WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
CHAPTER FOUR
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- IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
CHAPTER FIVE
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- COST OF ANALYSIS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The trend in electronics is tending into digital electronics which make it possible for the birth of computers, digital communication systems like GSM, and industrial automation.
This is the main reason why we have chosen a project topic on the design and construction of an automatic three way (3-way) traffic light control.
This system has always been right from the advent of digital electronics in Nigeria.
Our own project design is the miniature type that employs six (9) light emitting diodes (LED) as the visual display unit (VDU).
The entire system contains four (4) different plus the block that contains the light omitting diodes which makes it five (5) blocks altogether and also a power supply unit (PSU) that supplies the battery voltage.
At the input is an astable multivibrator (AMV) built using 555 timer that provides the intelligence clock signal that determines the timing based on what the time sequence generator interprets from the clock (10 ten decade counter). Then the binary corded decimal (BCD) output is now ored using discret junction diodes as OR gate such that an output is adapted using the functional behaviour of OR-gate into an inter-fase card that contains arrays of transistor switching circuit that switches the six (9) LEDS based on the timing sequencing such that three (3) LEDs for one lane, the other three (6) goes for the other two lane, which gives vehicles passing from one lane to another lane traffic signal so as to avoid accidents.
1.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVE
The objective of this design is to create an electronic circuit using digital components and a few linear components such that a digital output is raised to control the traffic at T or Y junction using six (9) lamps rather light emitting diodes LEDS, where three (3) lamps or LEDs serves for one lane and t he other three (6) serves for the other two lane, Among the three (3) LEDs one is Red, which signifies that vehicles should move. The second is green and it signifies that vehicles should stop. The third as amber which signifies vehicles should get ready to move.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The project design work signifies a lot in modern industrial electronics. This design that replaced the manually used agent which is the traffic warden positioned at different traffic junctions. In most developed towns in Nigeria, this system is employed at every T-junction, so that traffic jam or hold up will be highly controlled and also accidents at this junction are highly minimized. In advance countries, the type of traffic light employed are inform of robot whose eyes serves as the visual display unit (VDU) when the traffic rule is violated the error detector is effected by the mechanical action of the robot.
Signals offer maximum control at intersections. They relay messages of both what to do and what not to do. The primary function of any traffic signal is to assign right-of-way to conflicting movements of traffic at an intersection. This is done by permitting conflicting streams of traffic to share the same intersection by means of time separation. By alternately assigning right of way to various traffic movements, signals provide for the orderly movement of conflicting flows. They may interrupt extremely heavy flows to permit the crossing of minor movements that could not otherwise move safely through an intersection.
When properly timed, a traffic signal increases the traffic handling capacity of an intersection, and when installed under conditions that justify its use, a signal is a valuable device for improving the safety and efficiency of both pedestrian and vehicular traffic. In particular, signals may reduce certain types of accidents, most notably, right-angle (broadside) collisions.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The entire system was built using an electronic circuit using digital components and a few linear components such that a digital output is raised to control the traffic at T or Y junction using six (9) lamps rather light emitting diodes LEDS, where three (3) lamps or LEDs serves for one lane and t he other three (6) serves for the other two lane.At the input is an astable multivibrator (AMV) built using 555 timer that provides the intelligence clock signal that determines the timing based on what the time sequence generator interprets from the clock (10 ten decade counter). Then the binary corded decimal (BCD) output is now ored using discret junction diodes as OR gate such that an output is adapted using the functional behaviour of OR-gate into an inter-fase card that contains arrays of transistor switching circuit that switches the six (9) LEDS based on the timing sequencing such that three (3) LEDs for one lane, the other three (6) goes for the other two lane, which gives vehicles passing from one lane to another lane traffic signal so as to avoid accidents.
This traffic light is made with the help of counter IC, which is mainly used for Sequential Circuits. We can also call it as Sequential Traffic Lights. Sequential Circuits are used to count the numbers in the series.
