DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL INCUBATOR
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ABSTRACT
This project is titled the design and construction of a Temperature Control Incubator. It is designed to meet up with the safety and accuracy temperature control demand of incubator in industries and homes in the absence of the user or operator.
It is designed to control the temperature of the incubator to a variable range (0C -100’C) which must be set by the user or operator depending on the type of egg you want to used it to hatch . And this can be achieved by the use of temperature sensor known as THERMISTOR. This thermistor is a temperature control device with a high or low resistance value which can go high or low when the temperature is increased or reduced depending on the type.
In this project, 37ºC is used as a set temperature. And this device is design in such a way that when the set temperature is reached, the heater of the device will automatically switched-off and will maintain the off stage until when the temperature the incubator is dropped to 34ºC, then it will switch-ON again in other to maintain that 37ºC. And this automatic feature is controlled by a high current relay.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Incubator has variety of applications but it has only one meaning, incubator is an apparatus consist of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermoctal or thermictor; used for chicks or premature infants. Synoaym: brooder: it is an apparatus consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermostat; used for chicks or premature infants.
In the business world, an incubator is an enterprise that is set up to provide office space, equipment, and sometimes mentioning assistance and capital to new businesses that are just getting stated. (the tem is familiar in poetry farming, where an incubator is a specially – equipped home for baby chickens)> business incubators are set up by universities, non-profit groups, and increasingly by venture capitalists, especially for new web businesses.
On the web, the space of growth and competition, especially of retail and business to – business (B2B) Web sites, is fostering software packages for the creation of “out-of-the box” Web sites. For more ambitious Web sites and technology product development, venture capitalists are discovering that the incubation idea provides an organized way to finance and monitor the progress of its fledging “chicks”.
- An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing sinkable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.
- Medicine: An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration.
- A place or situation that permits or encourages the formation and development, as of new ideas: a college of that was an incubator of new approaches to sociology.
The small-scale apparatus for hailing eggs inspired the invention of incubators for peremptory born human infants, whose lives are often saved in an environment of controlled heat, humidity and ventilation. Another type of incubator has been developed for the culture of micro-organisms.
Incubator is a specialized crib used in carrying for infants, in which the temperature and oxygen content of the air can be controlled. Offer, babies who are born prematurely will be placed in an incubator until they have become strong enough to be housed in a regular crib.
- An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such on temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.
- An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humanity, and oxygen concentration.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of digital incubator is to design a device that will keep chicken and babies at a required temperature when they are delivered prematurely especially as it applies to babies. It is used to keep them worm.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This work is a closed incubator in which air is warmed by an electrical heater and then circulated through the incubator by a fan to heat the infant by convection. The temperature of the circulating air in the incubator can be adjusted automatically.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- They are more expensive than a manually controlled incubator.
- It is more difficult to identify an infant with infection as they cannot become hypothermic or pyrexial.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The incubator temperature does not have to be repeatedly adjusted by the staff. Therefore, the infant can be maintained at a constant temperature which results in the best possible weight gain.
1.6 COMPONENT OF INCUBATOR
Components of an incubator are as follows:
- The hood (or cover) which is made of transparent Perspex. Some incubators have a double hood to reduce radiant heat loss.
- Doors in the hood for gaining access to the infant. The doors (port holes) have a perspex cover or are lined with a rubber gasket and can be closed with a plastic cuff. Sometimes the whole side of the incubator can be opened to get better access to the infant for procedures.
- The mattress and floor which can be tilted into the head-up position.
- The heating coil and fan that warm and circulate the air.
- The thermostat which controls the temperature of the incubator.
- The control panel where the required temperature is set. On servocontrolled incubators, the infant’s temperature and the incubator temperature are also displayed.
- The incubator housing which holds the heating coil, fan and thermostat.
- The temperature probe. Servocontrolled incubators have a skin probe that measures the infant’s temperature.
- The thermometer which measures the air temperature in the incubator.
- The stand which supports the incubator. The stand may have shelves or drawers.
