DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 5-CHANNEL EQUALIZER
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ABSTRACT
This project is titled design and construction of 5-dual equalizer. An equalizer is an electronic console that is used to mix different audio recorded frequencies by changing their volume levels, their frequencies, adding effects and changing the timbre of each instrument on the tracks. equalizer are also called mixing consoles and soundboards.
Equalizer are most often used by recording studios but are also typically used in live situations by live sound engineers to amplify an audio signal generated by an equalizer
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
An equalizer allows the sound in specified frequency bands to be amplified or reduced, in order to adjust the quality and character of the sound. There are different types of equalizer for various uses, such as the parametric equalizers that are controlled using the knobs built into each mixer channel, or the graphic equalizers that allow multiple frequency bands (such as 7, 15, or 31 bands) to be adjusted using sliders (knob).
In general, the most commonly used equalizers are the parametric equalizers equipped on each channel of the mixer.
In general, graphic equalizers are connected to the mixer outputs to adjust the overall tone of the sound, or to correct feedback problems. The frequency bands of a graphic equalizer are finely divided up, and sliders are used to boost (by moving the slider up) or cut (by moving the slider down) each frequency range.
Rarely are the sounds of microphones and instruments that are input to the mixer perfect for delivery as-is to the venue. When mixing music that involves many instruments, some parts may inevitably be difficult to pick out. In this situation, adjusting only volume and panning is not sufficient, and equalizers can be used to adjust each frequency band to make the best characteristics of each instrument stand out.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to construct a circuit or equipment used to achieve audio equalization. These devices strengthen (boost) or weaken (cut) the energy of specific frequency bands or “frequency ranges” of an audio signal. This work is on 5-dual equalizer which can be used to generate different frequency of an audio signal.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to build an audio signal equalizer which is most commonly used to correct signals which sound unnatural. For example, if a sound was recorded in a room which accentuates high frequencies, an equalizer can reduce those frequencies to a more normal level. Equalization can also be used for applications such as making sounds more intelligible and reducing feedback.
The most basic type of equalization familiar to most people is the treble/bass control on home audio equipment. The treble control adjusts high frequencies, the bass control adjusts low frequencies. This is adequate for very rudimentary adjustments — it only provides two controls for the entire frequency spectrum, so each control adjusts a fairly wide range of frequencies.
Advanced equalization systems provide a fine level of frequency control. The key is to be able to adjust a narrower range of frequencies without affecting neighbouring frequencies.
1.3 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Equalizers are used in recording studios, radio studios and production control rooms, and live sound reinforcement and in instrument amplifiers, such as guitar amplifiers, to correct or adjust the response of microphones, instrument pick-ups, loudspeakers, and hall acoustics.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
In sound recording and reproduction, equalization is the process commonly used to alter the frequency response of an audio system using linear filters. Most hi-fi equipment uses relatively simple filters to make bass and treble adjustments. Graphic and parametric equalizers have much more flexibility in tailoring the frequency content of an audio signal. An equalizer is the circuit or equipment used to achieve equalization. Since equalizers, “adjust the amplitude of audio signals at particular frequencies,” they are, “in other words, frequency-specific volume knobs.”
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The graphic equalizer circuit the frequency adjust circuit. For some kinds of audio frequency response is not smooth. The frequency offset by the tone controls, may not work well. Because the bandwidth is too wide. Requiring the use of e-equalizer circuit with a narrow bandwidth and is divided into frequency bands increased to 5 channels or more can be broken down to specific actions required frequency bands have to be more specific.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The equalizer circuit can adjust the frequency to 5 channel is 60 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz and 12 kHz. When entering input signal to signal coupling d through C1 to the position pin 1 of VR1-VR5. If the VR to adjust the position of a signal pin will go to where the second pin of the VR is going through a lot this signal high-frequency filter – a low of each channel. The frequency of each channel is determined by the R1-R8, and C2-C9. And then the signal will pass filter for each channel will be combined coupling d through C10 to expand with the Q1 and Q2. Which Commonwealth model for circuit E Foster limit expansion of output pins of Q2 via C13 C into the output signal. Signals and the other part is fed back via R12 to enter a location pins 3 of the VR1-VR5 and adjusting VR through this terminal signal input to the phase opposite and will cancel the input signal at that point. This is the Cut.
