REHABILITATION OF ROAD LINKING UMUEKULUMMIRI STREET TO IMT AWARNESS GROUND JUNCTION IMT CAMPUS III ENUGU

ABSTRACT

This project entitled “Rehabilitation of Road” is aimed at investigating the causes of failure on the road linking Federal Secretariat, IMT Civil soil lab to Industrial Centre IMT Campus III Enugu and the possible way of re-designing it for its effective use by IMT community and visitors of IMT.  But before the road is being re-designed, effort was made to find out the causes of the road failure along this road which includes lack of drainage system, lack of maintenance, inadequate thickness of the wearing course and poor quality control during the construction of the road.

Furthermore, Reconnaisance and preliminary survey which includes leveling and traversing were carried out along the centre line of the road.  Soil tests were also carried out in the laboratory which helps in finding out the causes of the road failure and the possible way of getting it re-designed.  The soil tests that were carried out includes: mechanical analysis, compaction test, Atterberg limit test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test.

Finally, I therefore recommend this project materials very essential for lecturers, researchers and other students that will carry out their project on the topic “Rehabilitation of Road..

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page……………………………………………………….. i

Approval Page…………………………………………………………… ii

Dedication…………………………………………………………………. iii

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………….. iv

Abstract…………………………………………………………. v

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………. vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………       1

1.1 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 1

1.2 DEFINITION OF ROAD, HIGHWAYS AND EXPRESSWAYS….   2

1.3 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROAD………………… 3

1.4 IMPORTANCE OF A GOOD ROAD NETWORK………… 6

1.5 DISADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM… 7

2.0 GENERAL CAUSES OF ROAD FAILURE… 9

2.1 FAILURES OF SUB-BASE AND BASE COURSE… 10

2.2 FAILURES OF BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSE… 11

2.3 TYPICAL FAILURE OF A FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT… 11

2.4 DEFEATS IN ROADS… 12

2.5 REMEDY FOR POTHOLES IN ROADS 12

2.6 ROAD REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE 13

2.7 MAINTENANCE OF BITUNMINOUS WEARING SURFACES 13

2.8 MAINTENANCE OF SIDE DRAINS 14

2.9 CAUSES OF ROAD FAILURE ALONG THE PROJECT ROUTE 14

3.0 SOIL ANALYSIS 18

3.1 IMPORTANCE OF SOIL ANALYSIS 18

3.2 COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR THE SOIL TESTS 19

3.3 MECHANICAL ANALYSIS 21

3.4 ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST 24

3.5 COMPACTION TEST 30

3.6 CBR TEST 33

3.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOIL TEST 38

3.8 CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL 38

4.0 LAND SURVEYING AND INSPECTION 40

4.1 LEVELLING OPERATION 40

4.2 INSTRUMENT USED IN LEVELLING AND THEIR USES 40

4.3 THE ENGINEER’S LEVEL 41

4.4 TYPES OF ENGINEER’S LEVEL 42

4.5 PROCEDURES/PRECAUTIONS DURING LEVELLING 44

4.6 ADJUSTMENT OF A LEVEL 45

4.7 BOOKING AND REDUCTION OF THE LEVELS 47

4.8 ERROWS DURING LEVELLING 49

4.9 PRECAUTIONS DURING LEVELLING 49

4.10 REDUCTION OF DATA GENERATED FROM THE LEVELLING 50

4.11 EARTHWORK COMPUTATION 51

4.12 CRITERIA FOR CHOICE OF FORMATION LINE 51

4.13 DETERMINATION OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF EARTHWORK 56

4.14 DETERMINATION OF VOLUME OF EARTHWORK 61

4.15 TRAVERSING 62

4.16 INSTRUMENT USED IN TRAVERSING 63

4.17 THE THEODOLITE 64

4.18 TYPES OF THEODOLITE 65

4.19 PROCEDURING DURING TRAVERSING 66

4.20 THEODOLITE ADJUSTMENT 67

5.0 PAVEMENT AND GEOMETRIC DESIGN 70

5.1 PAVEMENT DESIGN 70

5.2 DEFINITION OF A PAVEMENT 70

5.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PAVEMENT 71

5.4 COMPONENT OF A PAVEMENT 72

5.5 TYPES OF PAVEMENT 74

5.6 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN AND STABILITY OF PAVEMENT 78

5.7 PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODS 79

5.8 GEOMETRIC DESIGN 84

5.9 CROSS SECTIONAL COMPONENT OF A ROAD 85

5.10 SIGHT DISTANCE 89

5.11 DESIGN SPEED 93

5.12 HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT  94

5.13 SUPPER ELEVATION 94

5.14 TYPES OF CURVES 96

5.15 DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL CURVE 97

5.16 WIDENING OF PAVEMENT AT CURVED POSITION 99

5.17 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 100

REFERENCES  101