QUALITY AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF SOME GENOTYPES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING DIALLEL METHOD
ABSTRACT
The patterns of gene effects on agronomic and some quality traits of eight genotypes of
rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their progenies were studied using Diallel analysis method 1
involving parents, F1 hybrids and their reciprocals. The eight genotypes studied were
selected for their agronomic performance and protein content from thirty genotypes
evaluated in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times at the
Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
during the planting seasons of 2005 and 2006. The results of the Diallel analysis
conducted during the 2007 planting season indicated larger magnitude of additive
components of variance in attributes like number of tillers per plant, number of days to
anthesis, panicle length , number of secondary branches per panicle, 1000-seed weight,
grain width and grain length/grain width ratio. Non-additive variance was more important
for plant height at flowering, number of seeds per secondary branch of panicle, grain
length and percentage protein content. The nature and magnitude of general combining
ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) effects, as well as the direction of
heterosis assessed by the SCA effects, seemed to differ for different traits and various
cross combinations. No parental line consistently had negative SCA effects for all the
traits.
Additive gene effects with high GCA values could be exploited in WITA 4 and
Max for higher tillering ability, NERICA 1, Fofifa 16 and WAB 96-1-1 for earliness;
WITA 4 and NERICA 1 for production of hybrids for greater number of secondary
branches per panicle; CT 7127-49 and EMPASC 105 for development of hybrids with
greater number of spikelets per panicle; NERICA 1, CT7127-49 and EMPASC 105 for
producing hybrids with more fertile grains; CT7127-49 and NERICAI for developing
progenies with more seeds per secondary branch of panicle; IR57689-73 and Fofifa 16
for 1000-seed weight and CT 7127-49 and WITA 4 for developing long and fine grains.
WITA 4 and EMPASC 105 were observed to be semi-dwarfs and offer themselves as
candidate genotypes for reduction of plant height to reduce stem lodging and increase
yield. The phenotypic generation means of the parental lines (P1 and P2), F1 and
reciprocal cross and the BC1 and BC2, evaluated during the 2009 planting season for the
study on genetic effects of the characters on the breeding lines generated, indicated that
the F1 generation means were higher than their mid-parent values especially for
percentage protein content. The F1 and F2 generation means were not significantly
different in the majority of the cases except for lowland x upland and upland x lowland
hybrids for percentage fertile spikelets and numbers of spikelets per panicle. Varied
genetic effects were observed on the characters for generation mean analysis on six
parameter model. Additive and dominance as well as epistatic gene effects were involved
in the inheritance of most characters. Digenic interactions were significant for most of the
traits. Presence of significant dominance effect combined with duplicate epitasis
restricted the scope for simple selection for most of the characters. Reciprocal and
maternal effects were also implicated for most of the traits.
