Impact Of Interest Rate Deregulation On Commercial Banks Lending Operations In Nigeria (A Survey Of Union Bank Of Nigeria Plc Enugu)

THE IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE DEREGULATION ON COMMERCIAL BANKS’ LENDING OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA (A SURVEY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

PROPOSAL

            Interest rate was before 1st August, 1987, statutorily regulated by the Central Bank of Nigeria.  But this out of the tune with the liberalization policy of the structural adjustment programmes of the Federal government.  This research is an attempt at performance appraisal of the leading operations of commercial banks in the face of the deregulation of interest rate which is in consonance with the Federal Government stand on the use of market forces of demand and supply in resources allocation and determination of price.            The major sources of data for this research are primary and secondary data.  This research has five chapters, Tables and Graph. I will use research methodology. This is how my research work will look like.chapter one is introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives, scope, significance and limitation of the study, Hypothesis etc.

1.            chapter two, Review  of related literature, financial repression hypothesis, financial repression in Nigeria, interest rate manipulation before deregulation etc.

2.            chapter three, will be research design and methodology, population of commercial banks, Determination sample size, bank customers size etc.

3.            chapter four is presentation and analysis of data, rate of return of questionnaires etc.

4.            chapter five will be conclusion

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                 INTRODUCTION

1.1                 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2                 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3                 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4                 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.5                 SCOPE OF STUDY

1.6                 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.7                 HYPOTHESIS

1.8                 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.9                 DEFINITION OF TERMS

NOTES.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0                 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1                 FINANCIAL REPRESSION HYPOTHESIS

2.2                 FINANCIAL REPRESSION IN NIGERIA

2.3                 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEREST RATE AND SAVINGS

2.4                 INTEREST RATE MANIPULATION BEFORE DEREGULATION

2.5                 COMMERCIAL BANK AND FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION.

2.6                 PRINCIPLES OF GOOD LENDING

2.7                 EFFECTIVE LENDING

2.8                 THE IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE SPECULATION ON UNION BANK OF NIG. PLC

NOTES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0                 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1                 POPULATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

3.2                 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE

3.3                 DETERMINATION OF CUSTOMERS SAMPLE SIZE

3.3.1             DETERMINATION OF BANK CUSTOMERS SIZE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0                 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA   

4.1               RATE OF RETURN OF QUESTIONNAIRES

4.2                   ANALYSIS OF LOAN AND ADVANCES OF UNION                BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

4.3       TOTAL DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF UNION  BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

4.5       ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRE TO CUSTOMER

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0                 FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1                 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

5.2                 RECOMMENDATION TO:

(i)            CENTRAL BANK

(ii)          COMMERCIAL BANK

(iii)         CUSTOMERS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

(I)            COVERING LETTER TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE

(II)          QUESTIONNAIRE

LIST OF TABLES

1.            RATE OF RETURN OF QUESTIONNAIRES

2.            ANALYSIS OF LOAN AND ADVANCES OF UNION BANKING OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

3.            TOTAL DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

4.            SCHEDULE OF AFTER TAX PROFIT OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

5.            CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOUNTS HELD BY CUSTOMERS IN UNION OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

6.            HYPOTHESIS I TESTING  TABLE

7.            HYPOTHESIS II TESTING TABLE

GRAPH

1             TOTAL DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

CHAPTER ONE

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

            There had been administrative control on the nation’s interest rates until July 31, 1987 when, in consonance with the spirit of the structural Adjustment programme (SAP) of the Federal Government the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a circular on interest rates bordering on the deregulation of this financial sector of the economy.

 

As a signal to the direction, the Central Bank wanted the interest rate to go, the minimum Re-discount Rate (MRR) was raised from 11 to 15% which now peaks at 18.5%.        The apex financial institution (CBN) declared that interest rates payable on deposits or chargeable on loans and advances were henceforth to be determined by the interplay of the market forces of demand and supply.

 

Nigerians being what they are agitative and speculative went to town some decrying the policy as the last straw that would break the back of our fragile economy, others extolled the policy as the best and boldest steps ever taken towards the revamping of the ailing economy.  These divergent views of the financial experts both in the academic and in the Banking sector about the likely impact of the interest rate deregulation motivated me to appraise the impact of the deregulation on commercial banking operation.

 

Notable among those who bemoaned the deregulation of interest rate was Abiodum (1987).  According to him, Deregulation a fragile economy like ours will have the overall effect of dampening it since the high interest rate will cause slow down investment as borrowing will be curtailed.

 

But this view was opposed by Iklude (1987) 2.  he was of the view that “interest rate deregulation will not only bring relief to the financially repressed economy but will ensure a real return on deposit which has over the year been negative.             What these argument  boiled down to was that interest rate deregulation would lead to efficient allocation of financial market resources because interest rate will now reflect relative scarcity and relative efficiency in different uses.

 

According to Abraham Nwankwo (1987) 3 “Bigger banks will price small ones out at the market by lending cheep to customers and paying them interest rate on their deposits”.

It is in the light of the controversies that accompanied the interest rate deregulation that prompted the deregulation on commercial Bank lending operation.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Interest Rate deregulation, like other stringent economy measured by the present administration has far reaching consequences on the nation’s banking industry and on the borrowing public.

Commercial banks that had lent huge sums of money before the deregulation of interest rate were in stormy water making their customers repay their loans at the new rate.  The borrowing public complained that their banks had without prior notice unleashed high interest rate on them.  They were at daggers drawn as the measure created had blood between the banks and their customers.

The interest rate deregulation with its attendant high interest payable on loan and advances terribly limited the borrower’s  quest for loan/advances since  it was impossible for most of them to get inflationary adjusted rate of return on their borrowed fund-this has remained elusive for many  borrowers.

Inspite of the deregulation, customers complain that commercial Banks pay  very  little interest rate for example on savings and charge borrowers/customers more than twice what they pay them on their savings accounts.  This they complained was unfair as the return became negative when adjusted with the rate of inflation.

The general public also complained that banks (especially commercial and merchant Banks) have been posting huge profit after tax inspite of the bitting effect of the economy.  The bank’s credit ceiling was partly responsible for the state of the affairs, invoking economic Aloxim that the constant liquidity mop up on the banking sector by the apex  financial institution was also responsible saying, the more illiquid a bank is, the more profitable it becomes”.

A  performance appraisal  of the impact of the deregulation is long over due at least to  shade light on the above controversies surrounding the policy three years after its introduction, thereafter, the problems are hereunder stated in question as follows:

(i)         Did commercial bank’s loans and advances deteriorate during the deregulation of interest rate?

(ii)        Did  depositors react favourably by increasing the volume of their deposit after the deregulation?

(iii)       How have commercial banks been surviving the directives of deregulating the interest rate in this sector of the economy?

1.3       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to determine and analyze the impact of interest rate deregulation in Nigeria specifically, the study seeks to answer  the following  questions:-

1.         Whether the interest rate deregulation has affected the volume of commercial bank’s  lending over the years.

2.         Are the effect  statically different according to the size of the banks?

3.         The study will also find whether the interest rate paid to deposits mobilized by the commercial banks.

4.         The study will also find  whether there were more loan losses (bad and doubtful debt) during the era of interest rate moderation than this period of deregulation .

5.         The research is also aimed at  finding whether commercial banks made more profit before or  during the deregulation.

6.         What else do  commercial banks to attract more deposits to enhance commercial banks’ lending operation.

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