Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of Gram Negative Bacteria In The Urine Of Some Students (A Case Study Of Caritas University)

PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN THE URINE OF SOME STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF CARITAS UNIVERSITY)

Bacteria

ABSTRACT

In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant growth with a prevalence rate of 80%.Bacteria

It was observed that females were more infected than the males with a prevalence rate of 56.70% and 43.30% respectively under the ages of 18-25yrs. Escherichia coli was the most predominant. The isolates were very sensitive to Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin and Ofloxacin which were the (most sensitive) and the most resistant were Tetracycline, Cortrimozol, Cephalexin and Ampicillin. Therefore, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin were strongly recommended for the treatment of UTI as indicated in the study.Bacteria

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Tables of contents
List of tables

CHAPATER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Aims and objectives of the study

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Microorganisms found in urine and their etiology
2.1.1 Bacteria
2.1.2 Viruses
2.1.3 Fungi
2.1.4 Protozoa
2.2.1 Entry of bacteria into the urinary tract
2.2.2 Routes of bacteria infection
2.2.3 Symptoms of UTI
2.2.4 Diagnosis
2.2.5 Treatment
2.2.5.1 Aims of treatment of UTI
2.2.5.2 Future strategies in treatment of bacteria/UTI
2.2.6 Prevention and control
2.3.0 Antimicrobial resistance
2.3.1 Mechanisms of drug resistance
2.3.1.1 Drug- inactivating enzyme
2.3.1.2 Alteration in the target molecule
2.3.1.3 Decrease uptake of the drugs
2.3.1.4 Increased elimination of the drugs
2.3.2 Conditions influencing the effectiveness of drugs
2.3.2.1 Population size
2.3.2.2 Population composition
2.3.2.3 Concentration and intensity of antimicrobial agent
2.3.2.4 Duration of exposure
2.3.2.5 Temperature
2.3.3 Actions of antimicrobial drugs
2.3.3.1 Inhibition of cell synthesis
2.3.3.2 Inhibition of cell membrane
2.3.3.3 Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
2.3.3.4 Inhibition of essential metabolites

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods
3.1 Sample collection
3.1.2 Antimicrobial susceptibility test
3.1.3 Urinalysis test
3.2 Gram staining
3.3 Biochemical test
3.3.1 Catalase test
3.3.2 Coagulase test
3.3.3 Motility test
3.3.4 Methyl test
3.3.5 Urease test
3.3.6 Indole test
3.3.7 Citrate utilization test

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
Appendix I
Appendix II

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Sex distribution of cases and prevalence rates
Table 2: Bacterial isolates of positive cases with prevalence rate
Table 3: The Sensitivity/Resistivity patterns of bacterial isolates
Table 4: Biochemical test results

About admin

Check Also

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION OF COVID-19 AMONG RESIDENTS IN NIGERIA

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION OF COVID-19 AMONG RESIDENTS IN NIGERIA Format: Ms Word Document …

EVALUATING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS TOWARD HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

EVALUATING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS TOWARD HIV INFECTED PATIENTS Format: Ms Word …

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF COVID-19 AMONG RESIDENTS IN NIGERIA

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF COVID-19 AMONG RESIDENTS IN NIGERIA Format: Ms Word Document Pages: …

AN INVESTIGATION ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED LABOUR AMONG WOMEN OF 18-55 YEARS IN THE COMMUNITY OF ALUSHI, AKWANGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE

AN INVESTIGATION ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED LABOUR AMONG WOMEN OF 18-55 YEARS IN THE …

AN INVESTIGATION ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED LABOUR AMONG WOMEN OF 18-55 YEARS IN THE COMMUNITY OF ALUSHI, AKWANGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE

AN INVESTIGATION ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED LABOUR AMONG WOMEN OF 18-55 YEARS IN THE …

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE HEALTH IMPLICATION OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL AND REFUSE MANAGEMENT IN DAUDA COMMUNITY OF GUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE HEALTH IMPLICATION OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL AND REFUSE MANAGEMENT IN DAUDA …

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *