MARINE POLLUTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS TO SHIPPING OPERATIONS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT
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ABSTRACT
The work analyzed marine pollution and impacts in sub Saharan Africa to shipping operations and marine environment, (Case Study of the Nigeria Niger Delta region) is sectioned into five chapters. Chapter one dealt with introduction to the study. Chapter two reviewed the positions of other authors and chapter three dealt with the research methodology. Chapter four and five dealt with data analysis and recommendations respectively.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Chapter One:
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background Information 1
1.2 Problem Statement 6
1.3 Research Objectives 7
1.4 Hypothesis 8
1.5 Significance of the Study 9
1.6 Scope of the Study 10
Chapter Two:
2.0 Literature Review
2. 1 Overview of Marine Pollution 11
2.2 Marine Pollution by Hazardous and Noxious substatnce
(HNS) 11
2.3 The Non Tanker Spill/Bunker Oil Pollution 14
2.4 Causes of Marine Pollution in the Niger Delta 16
2.5 Consequences/Impacts of Marine Pollution in the
Niger Delta 17
2.5.1 Human and Socio-Economic Development of the
NigerDelta 19
3.6. Prevention of Marine Pollution Regulation and Rules 23
3.6.1 Special Rules for Oil Pollution Damage 24
2.7 Environmental Protection Laws and Oil Mining
Companies in Nigeria 25
Chapter Three:
3.0 Research Methodology 30
3.1 Description of the Study Area 30
3.2 Research Design 30
3.3 Method of Data Collection 31
3.4 Data Limitation 31
3.5 Method of Data Analysis 32
3.5.1 Summative Approaches 32
3.5.2 Simple Percentage 33
3.5.3 Incremental Averages 34
3.6 Test of Hypothesis 34
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation of Data, Analysis of Data and Discussion of Findings 36
4.1 Data Presentation 37
4.2 Data Analysis 39
4.3 Discussion of Findings 41
4.4 Test of Hypothesis 45
Chapter Five:
5.0 Summary of Findings Conclusion and
Recommendation 47
5.1 Summary of Findings 47
5.2 Conclusion 48
5.3 Recommendation 48
References 50